Івашко Л. М.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-9072
Юрасова О. О.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-9124
Максимов О. С.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8951-5251
Максимов О. О.
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7962-9185
ОЦІНКА ЗВ’ЯЗКУ МІЖ ОСВІТОЮ, НАВИЧКАМИ ТА СТАЛИМ ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ НА ОСНОВІ PCA-АНАЛІЗУ
Повний тест (pdf)
Мова: Українська
Анотація. Автори статті мали на меті оцінити вплив освіти та професійних навичок працівників на економічне зростання в європейських країнах. Проаналізовано сучасні тенденції виокремлення основних чинників економічного розвитку країн і з’ясовано, що економіка дедалі частіше характеризується з огляду на її креативність, діджиталізацію, інноваційність. Узагальнено методи визначення вартості людського капіталу за такими критеріями, як інвестиційний, дохідний, історичний, експертних оцінок. Визначено норми віддачі від освіти для 20 європейських країн із застосуванням методу аналізу головних компонентів (PCA). На основі доступних даних виокремлено дві ключові складові для оцінювання загального впливу цих показників на зростання ВВП на одну особу. Зазначені компоненти дають змогу оцінити, як освіта і професійні навички працівників сприяють економічному розвитку кожної країни, зокрема зростанню ВВП на одну особу. Для класифікації країн за ступенем впливу основних компонентів на економічний розвиток застосовано метод k-середніх, у результаті чого країни розподілено на три кластери. Перший кластер включає розвинуті країни з високим рівнем інновацій, другий – розвинуті країни з нижчим рівнем інновацій і середніми значеннями віддачі від освіти, третій – країни з переважно неінноваційними секторами. Потім було побудовано регресійні моделі для аналізу впливу кожного компонента на зростання ВВП на одну особу та визначено міру такого впливу. За результатами порівняння значень коефіцієнтів побудованих регресійних моделей зроблено висновок, що зв’язок між рівнем освіти й економічним зростанням низки країн Європи стає більш виразним за умови розвитку інноваційного та технологічного складників економіки.
Ключові слова: управління людським капіталом, економічне зростання, сталий розвиток, аналіз головних компонентів, рівень освіти.
https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2025-2-91-113
Ключові слова: управління людським капіталом, економічне зростання, сталий розвиток, аналіз головних компонентів, рівень освіти.
https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2025-2-91-113
Посилання:
1. Chen T., Zhou S. The impact of digital economy on the upgrading of manufacturing structure. Plos One. 2024. Vol. 19(7): e0307184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307184.
2. Human capital development in knowledge economies / A. Hamed et al. Journal of Ecohumanism. 2024. Vol. 3. P. 798–816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i5.3938.
3. Olafenwa A., Magaji N., Egwhakhe J. A., Nwankwere I. A. Effect of human capital and social capital on financial performance of small and medium enterprises. Uniport Journal of Business, Accounting & Finance Management Department of Accounting. 2024. Vol. 15, No. 2. P. 128–152. URL: https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-human-capital-development-on-the-financial-performance-of-banks-in-nigeria-onyirimba-chika-d-7-2.
4. Azmat G., Britton J. Labor market returns to higher education. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.660.
5. Patrinos H. The returns to education. Greece – Europe 2030: Education, Research, Innovation, New technologies, Institutions and Sustainable Development. 2024. Vol. 3. P. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/elrie.7034.
6. Al-Hasnawi M., Chin L., Mazlan N. S., Ahmad M. Evaluating the role of institutional quality in the relationship between education expenditure and manufacturing growth: insights from quantile regression models. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal. 2024. Vol. 11, No. 9. P. 242–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.119.17617.
7. Koenker R., Bassett G. Regression quantiles. Econometrica. 1978. Vol. 46, No. 1. P. 33–50. URL: http://www.econ.uiuc.edu/~roger/NAKE/rqs78.pdf.
8. Becker G. S. Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226041223.001.0001.
9. Becker G., Chiswick B. Education and distribution of earnings. American Economic Review. 1966. Vol. 56. P. 358–369.
10. Zafar M. B., Jafar A. Human capital and Islamic banking: a systematic literature review. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-11-2023-0376.
11. Nelson R., Phelps E. Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth. The American Economic Review. 1966. Vol. 56. P. 69–75.
12. Romer P. M. Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy. 1989. Vol. 98. P. 71–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/261725.
13. Romer P. Human Capital and Growth: Theory and Evidence. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy. 1990. Vol. 32. P. 251–286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(90)90028-J.
14. Abramovitz M. Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind. The Journal of Economic History. 1986. Vol. 46, No. 2. P. 385–406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700046209.
15. Klenow P., Rodriguez-Clare A. The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far? NBER Macroeconomics Annual. 1997. Vol. 12. P. 73–114.
16. Hall R. E., Jones C. Levels of Economic Activity across Countries. American Economic Review. 1997. Vol. 87, No. 2. P. 173–177. URL: https://econpapers.repec.org/article/aeaaecrev/v_3a87_3ay_3a1997_3ai_3a2_3ap_3a173-77.htm.
17. Easterly W., Levine R. Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics. 2002. Vol. 50. P. 3–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(02)00200-3.
18. Hanushek E., Woessmann L. The Knowledge Capital of Nations: Education and the Economics of Growth. Cambridge, MA, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262029179.001.0001.
19. Joseph C., Leyaro V., Ndanshau M. Education and labour earnings inequality in Tanzania: evidence from quantile regression analysis. Tanzanian Economic Review. 2024. Vol. 13, No. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v13i2.137.
20. Kichurchak M. Human capital in the sustainable development of EU countries: a longitudinal data analysis. Economic Forum. 2024. Vol. 14. P. 18–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62763/cb/1.2024.18.
21. Chiswick B. R. Earnings Inequality and Economic Development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1971. Vol. 85, No. 1. P. 21–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1881838.
22. Wang L. How does education affect the earnings distribution in urban China? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and AMP Statistics. 2011. Vol. 75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00697.x.
23. Fan Y., Yi J., Zhang J. Rising intergenerational income persistence in China. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 2021. Vol. 13. P. 202–230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170097.
24. Zou W., Ma R. An extended family perspective on intergenerational human capital transmission in China. Social indicators research. 2024. Vol. 174. P. 1101–1139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-024-03427-3.
25. Imai M. Kaizen: the key to Japan’s competitive success. New York : McGraw-Hill education, 1986. URL: https://maaw.info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumImaiKaizen1986.htm.
26. Becker H. S. Whose side are we on? Social Problems. 1967. Vol. 14, No. 3. P. 239–247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1967.14.3.03a00010.
27. Becker G. S. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1964. URL: https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/human-capital-theoretical-and-empirical-analysis-special-reference-education-second-edition/front-matter-human-capital-theoretical-and-empirical-analysis-special-reference-education.
28. Shultz T. R. From agency to intention: A rule-based, computational approach. Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development and simulation of everyday mindreading / A. Whiten (Ed.). Basil Blackwell, 1991. P. 79–95.
29. Mood C. More than money: social class, income, and the intergenerational persistence of advantage. SocioLogical Science. 2017. Vol. 4. P. 263–287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15195/v4.a12.
30. Richard O. Racial Diversity, Business Strategy, and Firm Performance: A Resource-Based View. Academy of Management Journal. 2000. Vol. 43. P. 164–177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1556374.
31. Hitt M. A., Bierman L., Shimizu K., Kochhar R. Direct and Moderating Effects of Human Capital on Strategy and Performance in Professional Service Firms: A Resource-Based Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal. 2001. Vol. 44, No. 1. P. 13–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3069334.
32. Sakamoto T. Four worlds of productivity growth: a comparative analysis of human capital investment policy and productivity growth outcomes. International Political Science Review. 2017. Vol. 39, No. 4. P. 531–550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116685413.
33. Juanhua M., Donglin Xu. China’s Economic Growth from a Comprehensive Analysis Perspective: A Synergistic Application of GRA, PCA, and GRU Models. Journal of Economics and Management Sciences. 2025. Vol. 8, No. 1. P. 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v8n1p1.
34. Riyadi D., Hendajany N. Mean years of schooling inequality and return on education: analysing the main determining factors. Journal of Economics and Sustainability. 2023. Vol. 5, No. 1. P. 43–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32890/jes2023.5.1.4.
35. Education at a glance: Education, migration and labour market outcomes. OECD Library. 2023. URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/data/oecdeducation-statistics/ education-at-a-glance-education-migration-and-labour-market-outcomes-edition-2023_35cbf466-en.
36. Kadia V., Parmar P. The impact of education on the economic growth of India. EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review-Peer Reviewed Journal. 2025. Vol. 13, No. 3. P. 61–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra20749.
37. Zhang S. The development of higher education and regional economic growth: the mediating effects of regional innovation capacity and human capital. Journal of Education and Educational Research. 2025. Vol. 12, No. 2. P. 200–208. URL: https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/jeer/article/view/29970/29389.
38. Trzcińska K. Income Inequalities Between Women And Men In Selected European Countries. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia. 2024. Vol. 24, No. 2. P. 327–343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2024-0028.
39. Gariba M., Prokop V. Does Women in Politics and Income Inequality Affect Social and Economic Well-Being? Insights from OECD Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2024. P. 1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02203-5.
2. Human capital development in knowledge economies / A. Hamed et al. Journal of Ecohumanism. 2024. Vol. 3. P. 798–816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i5.3938.
3. Olafenwa A., Magaji N., Egwhakhe J. A., Nwankwere I. A. Effect of human capital and social capital on financial performance of small and medium enterprises. Uniport Journal of Business, Accounting & Finance Management Department of Accounting. 2024. Vol. 15, No. 2. P. 128–152. URL: https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-human-capital-development-on-the-financial-performance-of-banks-in-nigeria-onyirimba-chika-d-7-2.
4. Azmat G., Britton J. Labor market returns to higher education. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.660.
5. Patrinos H. The returns to education. Greece – Europe 2030: Education, Research, Innovation, New technologies, Institutions and Sustainable Development. 2024. Vol. 3. P. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/elrie.7034.
6. Al-Hasnawi M., Chin L., Mazlan N. S., Ahmad M. Evaluating the role of institutional quality in the relationship between education expenditure and manufacturing growth: insights from quantile regression models. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal. 2024. Vol. 11, No. 9. P. 242–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.119.17617.
7. Koenker R., Bassett G. Regression quantiles. Econometrica. 1978. Vol. 46, No. 1. P. 33–50. URL: http://www.econ.uiuc.edu/~roger/NAKE/rqs78.pdf.
8. Becker G. S. Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226041223.001.0001.
9. Becker G., Chiswick B. Education and distribution of earnings. American Economic Review. 1966. Vol. 56. P. 358–369.
10. Zafar M. B., Jafar A. Human capital and Islamic banking: a systematic literature review. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-11-2023-0376.
11. Nelson R., Phelps E. Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth. The American Economic Review. 1966. Vol. 56. P. 69–75.
12. Romer P. M. Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy. 1989. Vol. 98. P. 71–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/261725.
13. Romer P. Human Capital and Growth: Theory and Evidence. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy. 1990. Vol. 32. P. 251–286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(90)90028-J.
14. Abramovitz M. Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind. The Journal of Economic History. 1986. Vol. 46, No. 2. P. 385–406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700046209.
15. Klenow P., Rodriguez-Clare A. The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far? NBER Macroeconomics Annual. 1997. Vol. 12. P. 73–114.
16. Hall R. E., Jones C. Levels of Economic Activity across Countries. American Economic Review. 1997. Vol. 87, No. 2. P. 173–177. URL: https://econpapers.repec.org/article/aeaaecrev/v_3a87_3ay_3a1997_3ai_3a2_3ap_3a173-77.htm.
17. Easterly W., Levine R. Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics. 2002. Vol. 50. P. 3–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(02)00200-3.
18. Hanushek E., Woessmann L. The Knowledge Capital of Nations: Education and the Economics of Growth. Cambridge, MA, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262029179.001.0001.
19. Joseph C., Leyaro V., Ndanshau M. Education and labour earnings inequality in Tanzania: evidence from quantile regression analysis. Tanzanian Economic Review. 2024. Vol. 13, No. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v13i2.137.
20. Kichurchak M. Human capital in the sustainable development of EU countries: a longitudinal data analysis. Economic Forum. 2024. Vol. 14. P. 18–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62763/cb/1.2024.18.
21. Chiswick B. R. Earnings Inequality and Economic Development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1971. Vol. 85, No. 1. P. 21–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1881838.
22. Wang L. How does education affect the earnings distribution in urban China? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and AMP Statistics. 2011. Vol. 75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00697.x.
23. Fan Y., Yi J., Zhang J. Rising intergenerational income persistence in China. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 2021. Vol. 13. P. 202–230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170097.
24. Zou W., Ma R. An extended family perspective on intergenerational human capital transmission in China. Social indicators research. 2024. Vol. 174. P. 1101–1139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-024-03427-3.
25. Imai M. Kaizen: the key to Japan’s competitive success. New York : McGraw-Hill education, 1986. URL: https://maaw.info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumImaiKaizen1986.htm.
26. Becker H. S. Whose side are we on? Social Problems. 1967. Vol. 14, No. 3. P. 239–247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1967.14.3.03a00010.
27. Becker G. S. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1964. URL: https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/human-capital-theoretical-and-empirical-analysis-special-reference-education-second-edition/front-matter-human-capital-theoretical-and-empirical-analysis-special-reference-education.
28. Shultz T. R. From agency to intention: A rule-based, computational approach. Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development and simulation of everyday mindreading / A. Whiten (Ed.). Basil Blackwell, 1991. P. 79–95.
29. Mood C. More than money: social class, income, and the intergenerational persistence of advantage. SocioLogical Science. 2017. Vol. 4. P. 263–287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15195/v4.a12.
30. Richard O. Racial Diversity, Business Strategy, and Firm Performance: A Resource-Based View. Academy of Management Journal. 2000. Vol. 43. P. 164–177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1556374.
31. Hitt M. A., Bierman L., Shimizu K., Kochhar R. Direct and Moderating Effects of Human Capital on Strategy and Performance in Professional Service Firms: A Resource-Based Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal. 2001. Vol. 44, No. 1. P. 13–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3069334.
32. Sakamoto T. Four worlds of productivity growth: a comparative analysis of human capital investment policy and productivity growth outcomes. International Political Science Review. 2017. Vol. 39, No. 4. P. 531–550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116685413.
33. Juanhua M., Donglin Xu. China’s Economic Growth from a Comprehensive Analysis Perspective: A Synergistic Application of GRA, PCA, and GRU Models. Journal of Economics and Management Sciences. 2025. Vol. 8, No. 1. P. 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v8n1p1.
34. Riyadi D., Hendajany N. Mean years of schooling inequality and return on education: analysing the main determining factors. Journal of Economics and Sustainability. 2023. Vol. 5, No. 1. P. 43–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32890/jes2023.5.1.4.
35. Education at a glance: Education, migration and labour market outcomes. OECD Library. 2023. URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/data/oecdeducation-statistics/ education-at-a-glance-education-migration-and-labour-market-outcomes-edition-2023_35cbf466-en.
36. Kadia V., Parmar P. The impact of education on the economic growth of India. EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review-Peer Reviewed Journal. 2025. Vol. 13, No. 3. P. 61–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra20749.
37. Zhang S. The development of higher education and regional economic growth: the mediating effects of regional innovation capacity and human capital. Journal of Education and Educational Research. 2025. Vol. 12, No. 2. P. 200–208. URL: https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/jeer/article/view/29970/29389.
38. Trzcińska K. Income Inequalities Between Women And Men In Selected European Countries. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia. 2024. Vol. 24, No. 2. P. 327–343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2024-0028.
39. Gariba M., Prokop V. Does Women in Politics and Income Inequality Affect Social and Economic Well-Being? Insights from OECD Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2024. P. 1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02203-5.