Sergiy Londar
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-288X
Oleksandr Bosenko
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3414-8908
Ivan Gaiduk
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1469
ENSURING THE RESILIENCE OF UKRAINIAN EDUCATION DURING THE WAR AS AN EXPERIENCE FOR IMPROVING THE EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN THE EU COUNTRIES
Full text (pdf)
Language: English
Abstract. The resilience of an educational system during wartime is determined by its capacity for rapid adaptive response to exogenous threats, internal structural reconfiguration, and the preservation of equitable access to high-quality education for all stakeholders. Ensuring systemic resilience requires not only legislative and regulatory modifications but also the integration of advanced technological solutions, the implementation of innovative governance frameworks, and the reengineering of the educational ecosystem to sustain operational continuity. This study seeks to identify, critically analyse, and systematically categorise the principal managerial strategies, technological interventions, and policy frameworks that have reinforced the adaptive capacity of Ukraine’s education system under wartime conditions. The study further explores the scalability of these resilience-enhancing mechanisms within the context of European Union (EU) educational infrastructures. The analysis concerns key administrative and pedagogical reforms enshrined within legislative and regulatory instruments that have facilitated the systemic stabilisation and operational resilience of Ukraine’s education sector. Particular emphasis is placed on the evolution and institutionalisation of digital learning infrastructures, which have become integral to the functional continuity of the educational process at all levels. The study evaluates the deployment of digital information management systems, AI-driven educational analytics, cloud-based e-learning platforms, and dynamic decision-support dashboards developed by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. These digital tools have significantly optimised real-time communication channels, facilitated comprehensive situational monitoring, and enabled data-informed policy formulation within the sector. Furthermore, they have played a pivotal role in the large-scale implementation of distance learning modalities, the preservation and dissemination of Ukrainian-language instructional content for displaced learners, and the adoption of innovative, evidence-based pedagogical methodologies. The study conducts a rigorous assessment of the empirical outcomes of these strategic interventions, with a focus on their implications for educational achievement metrics, institutional stability, and the psychological resilience of students and educators. Additionally, the research systematically identifies and synthesises the resilience deficits within EU educational frameworks, particularly in response to crisis-induced disruptions. The compounded impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented influx of refugee students from Syria, Ukraine, and various African regions have exposed critical vulnerabilities in the EU’s educational infrastructure, necessitating comprehensive structural recalibration. Ukraine’s extensive experiential knowledge in maintaining educational continuity amidst severe sociopolitical upheaval presents a valuable repository of best practices. This accumulated expertise offers actionable insights for the European academic community, facilitating the development of robust contingency frameworks capable of sustaining inclusive, high-quality education in the face of systemic volatility.
Keywords: resilience, education system, war, institutions, organisations, instruments, digital technologies, EU education systems.
https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2024-6-5-25
Keywords: resilience, education system, war, institutions, organisations, instruments, digital technologies, EU education systems.
https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2024-6-5-25
References:
1. SSI “Institute of Educational Analytics”. (2022). Education in Ukraine under martial law. Retrieved from https://iea.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/education-of-ukraine_2022.pdf [in Ukrainian].
2. UNICEF. (n. d.). Situation Analysis of Children in Ukraine: 2024. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/ukraine/reports/sitan2024 [in Ukrainian].
3. Londar, S. (2012). Clarification of financial and economic definitions in the context of the post-crisis realities. Finance of Ukraine, 12, 69-78. Retrieved from https://finukr.org.ua/?page_id=723&aid=672 [in Ukrainian].
4. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2017). On education (Act No. 2145-VIII, September 5). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2145-19#Text [in Ukrainian].
5. European Commission. (n. d.). Eurydice: National Education Systems. Retrieved from https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-education-systems.
6. Google Trends. (n. d.). Resilience of education. Retrieved from https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%205-y&q=resilience%20of%20education&hl=en-US.
7. Web of Science. (n. d.). Search for articles by keywords “resilience of education”. Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/972da252-52f3-40fe-869c-c48dbed1b0ad-014909cf5c/relevance/1.
8. Londar, L., & Pietsch, M. (2023). Providing distance education during the war: the experience of Ukraine. Information Technologies and Learning Tools, 98(6), 31-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v98i6.5454.
9. Rohova, V. B., & Londar, S. L. (2022). Management information-analytical tools for ensuring educational security. Education in Ukraine under martial law: management, digitalization, Eurointegration aspects, Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Retrieved from https://iea.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/book-of-abstracts_ssiiea_2022.pdf [in Ukrainian].
10. Semenyuk, Y. (2024). The concept of sustainability of the education management system: foreign models and approaches to definition. Theoretical and Applied Issues of State-building, 31, 71-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35432/tisb312024306538 [in Ukrainian].
11. Tashkinova, O., & Ponomaryova, L. (2024). Professional resilience of educators in Ukrainian higher education institutions during the war: pathways for support and development. Social work and social education, 2(13), 120-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.2(13).2024.316717 [in Ukrainian].
12. Lavrysh, Yu., Lytovchenko, I., Lukianenko, V., & Golub, T. (2022). Teaching during the wartime: Experience from Ukraine. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 57(3), 197-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2098714.
13. Luthar, S. S. (2006). Resilience in Development: A Synthesis of Research across Five Decades. In Developmental Psychopathology: Volume Three: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation (pp. 739-795). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939406.ch20.
14. Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A Framework for understanding health development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399-419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357.
15. Garmezy, N., & Masten, A. S. (1991). The protective role of competence indicators in children at risk. In Life-span developmental psychology: Perspectives on stress and coping (pp. 151-174). Retrieved from https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=822155.
16. Wang, M., Haertel, G., & Walberg, H. (1993). Educational Resilience in Inner Cities. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED399312.pdf.
17. Masten, A. S. (2021). Resilience in developmental systems: Principles, pathways, and protective processes in research and practice. In Multisystemic resilience: Adaptation and transformation in contexts of change (pp. 113-134). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0007.
18. Cameron, L., Thomas, E., Amenya, D., West, H., Mugiraneza, J-P., & Page, E. (2024). Education System Resilience. Global Partnership for Education Knowledge and Innovation Exchange: Washington DC, USA, and Ottawa, Canada. Retrieved from https://www.gpekix.org/knowledge-repository/education-system-resilience-gpe-kix-scoping-study-working-paper.
19. GPE. (2023). The Need for Climate-Smart Education Financing: A review of the evidence and new costing framework. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/node/document/download?file=document/file/2023-12-climate-smart-education-financing-review-evidence-costing-framework.pdf.
20. Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological Resilience. European Psychologist, 18(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000124.
21. Theron, L., Ungar, M., & Höltge, J. (2023). Student resilience to COVID-19-related school disruptions: The value of historic school engagement. School Psychology International, 44(2), 190-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01430343221138785.
22. Kangas-Dick, K., & O’Shaughnessy, E. (2020). Interventions that promote resilience among teachers: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 8(2), 131-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2020.1734125.
23. Linnenluecke, M. K. (2017). Resilience in Business and Management Research: A Review of Influential Publications and a Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 4-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12076.
24. Ma, Zh., Xiao, L., & Yin, J. (2018). Toward a dynamic model of organizational resilience. Nankai Business Review International, 9(3), 246-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NBRI-07-2017-0041.
25. Hillmann, J., & Guenther, E. (2021). Organizational Resilience: A Valuable Construct for Management Research? International Journal of Management Reviews, 23(1), 7-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12239.
26. Dülks, J., Fekete, A., Karutz, H., Kaufmann, J., & Posingies, C. (2023). Identification of methodologies to quantify education system resilience – A scoping review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 97, 103967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103967.
27. Heinimann, H. R., & Hatfield, K. (2017). Infrastructure Resilience Assessment, Management and Governance – State and Perspectives. In Resilience and Risk. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1123-2_5.
28. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). On the establishment of the Situation Centre (Order No. 229, February 24). Retrieved from https://mon.gov.ua/npa/pro-utvorennya-situacijnogo-centru-mon [in Ukrainian].
29. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). On some issues of organizing the work of professional pre-higher and higher education institutions during martial law (Order No. 235, March 7). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0235729-22#Text [in Ukrainian].
30. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). On some issues of organization of general secondary education and the educational process under martial law in Ukraine (Order No. 274, March 28). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0274729-22#Text [in Ukrainian].
31. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). On organizing and conducting a national multi-subject test in 2022 (Order No. 434, May 12). Retrieved from https://mon.gov.ua/npa/pro-organizaciyu-ta-provedennya-u-2022-roci-nacionalnogo-miltipredmetnogo-testu [in Ukrainian].
32. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. (2022). On approval of the Procedure for interagency cooperation on the delivery of documents on basic secondary education and complete general secondary education issued under martial law to students who are outside Ukraine (Order No. 538/192, June 09). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0538729-22#Text [in Ukrainian].
33. European Commission. (2021). EENEE Analytical report N°02/2021 – Impact of COVID-19 on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in the context of twin transition. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2766/89568.
34. European Commission. (2024). How countries are addressing the integration of children from Ukraine in EU education systems. Retrieved from https://education.ec.europa.eu/news/how-countries-are-addressing-the-integration-of-children-from-ukraine-in-eu-education-systems.
2. UNICEF. (n. d.). Situation Analysis of Children in Ukraine: 2024. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/ukraine/reports/sitan2024 [in Ukrainian].
3. Londar, S. (2012). Clarification of financial and economic definitions in the context of the post-crisis realities. Finance of Ukraine, 12, 69-78. Retrieved from https://finukr.org.ua/?page_id=723&aid=672 [in Ukrainian].
4. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2017). On education (Act No. 2145-VIII, September 5). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2145-19#Text [in Ukrainian].
5. European Commission. (n. d.). Eurydice: National Education Systems. Retrieved from https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-education-systems.
6. Google Trends. (n. d.). Resilience of education. Retrieved from https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%205-y&q=resilience%20of%20education&hl=en-US.
7. Web of Science. (n. d.). Search for articles by keywords “resilience of education”. Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/972da252-52f3-40fe-869c-c48dbed1b0ad-014909cf5c/relevance/1.
8. Londar, L., & Pietsch, M. (2023). Providing distance education during the war: the experience of Ukraine. Information Technologies and Learning Tools, 98(6), 31-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v98i6.5454.
9. Rohova, V. B., & Londar, S. L. (2022). Management information-analytical tools for ensuring educational security. Education in Ukraine under martial law: management, digitalization, Eurointegration aspects, Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Retrieved from https://iea.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/book-of-abstracts_ssiiea_2022.pdf [in Ukrainian].
10. Semenyuk, Y. (2024). The concept of sustainability of the education management system: foreign models and approaches to definition. Theoretical and Applied Issues of State-building, 31, 71-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35432/tisb312024306538 [in Ukrainian].
11. Tashkinova, O., & Ponomaryova, L. (2024). Professional resilience of educators in Ukrainian higher education institutions during the war: pathways for support and development. Social work and social education, 2(13), 120-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.2(13).2024.316717 [in Ukrainian].
12. Lavrysh, Yu., Lytovchenko, I., Lukianenko, V., & Golub, T. (2022). Teaching during the wartime: Experience from Ukraine. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 57(3), 197-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2098714.
13. Luthar, S. S. (2006). Resilience in Development: A Synthesis of Research across Five Decades. In Developmental Psychopathology: Volume Three: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation (pp. 739-795). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939406.ch20.
14. Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A Framework for understanding health development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399-419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357.
15. Garmezy, N., & Masten, A. S. (1991). The protective role of competence indicators in children at risk. In Life-span developmental psychology: Perspectives on stress and coping (pp. 151-174). Retrieved from https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=822155.
16. Wang, M., Haertel, G., & Walberg, H. (1993). Educational Resilience in Inner Cities. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED399312.pdf.
17. Masten, A. S. (2021). Resilience in developmental systems: Principles, pathways, and protective processes in research and practice. In Multisystemic resilience: Adaptation and transformation in contexts of change (pp. 113-134). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0007.
18. Cameron, L., Thomas, E., Amenya, D., West, H., Mugiraneza, J-P., & Page, E. (2024). Education System Resilience. Global Partnership for Education Knowledge and Innovation Exchange: Washington DC, USA, and Ottawa, Canada. Retrieved from https://www.gpekix.org/knowledge-repository/education-system-resilience-gpe-kix-scoping-study-working-paper.
19. GPE. (2023). The Need for Climate-Smart Education Financing: A review of the evidence and new costing framework. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/node/document/download?file=document/file/2023-12-climate-smart-education-financing-review-evidence-costing-framework.pdf.
20. Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological Resilience. European Psychologist, 18(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000124.
21. Theron, L., Ungar, M., & Höltge, J. (2023). Student resilience to COVID-19-related school disruptions: The value of historic school engagement. School Psychology International, 44(2), 190-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01430343221138785.
22. Kangas-Dick, K., & O’Shaughnessy, E. (2020). Interventions that promote resilience among teachers: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 8(2), 131-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2020.1734125.
23. Linnenluecke, M. K. (2017). Resilience in Business and Management Research: A Review of Influential Publications and a Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 4-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12076.
24. Ma, Zh., Xiao, L., & Yin, J. (2018). Toward a dynamic model of organizational resilience. Nankai Business Review International, 9(3), 246-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NBRI-07-2017-0041.
25. Hillmann, J., & Guenther, E. (2021). Organizational Resilience: A Valuable Construct for Management Research? International Journal of Management Reviews, 23(1), 7-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12239.
26. Dülks, J., Fekete, A., Karutz, H., Kaufmann, J., & Posingies, C. (2023). Identification of methodologies to quantify education system resilience – A scoping review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 97, 103967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103967.
27. Heinimann, H. R., & Hatfield, K. (2017). Infrastructure Resilience Assessment, Management and Governance – State and Perspectives. In Resilience and Risk. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1123-2_5.
28. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). On the establishment of the Situation Centre (Order No. 229, February 24). Retrieved from https://mon.gov.ua/npa/pro-utvorennya-situacijnogo-centru-mon [in Ukrainian].
29. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). On some issues of organizing the work of professional pre-higher and higher education institutions during martial law (Order No. 235, March 7). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0235729-22#Text [in Ukrainian].
30. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). On some issues of organization of general secondary education and the educational process under martial law in Ukraine (Order No. 274, March 28). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0274729-22#Text [in Ukrainian].
31. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). On organizing and conducting a national multi-subject test in 2022 (Order No. 434, May 12). Retrieved from https://mon.gov.ua/npa/pro-organizaciyu-ta-provedennya-u-2022-roci-nacionalnogo-miltipredmetnogo-testu [in Ukrainian].
32. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. (2022). On approval of the Procedure for interagency cooperation on the delivery of documents on basic secondary education and complete general secondary education issued under martial law to students who are outside Ukraine (Order No. 538/192, June 09). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0538729-22#Text [in Ukrainian].
33. European Commission. (2021). EENEE Analytical report N°02/2021 – Impact of COVID-19 on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in the context of twin transition. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2766/89568.
34. European Commission. (2024). How countries are addressing the integration of children from Ukraine in EU education systems. Retrieved from https://education.ec.europa.eu/news/how-countries-are-addressing-the-integration-of-children-from-ukraine-in-eu-education-systems.