Yurii Kernasiuk
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-3769
EXPENDITURES ON EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN THE GLOBAL DIMENSION
Full text (pdf)
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract. The relevance of this study is determined by the urgent need to adapt national policies and strategies to the global challenges of climate change, the energy transition, and the rapid development of digital technologies and artificial intelligence, in order to ensure sustainable economic development and social resilience. The purpose of this article is to identify priority directions of state policy and practical measures in the field of investment in education and science in response to global challenges posed by climate change, the energy transition, and the digital technological revolution. Based on a comparative analysis of public expenditures on education and scientific research and development, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and international average indicators, the complex interrelationship between absolute expenditures per capita, the share of expenditures in GDP, and the capacity to form a modern innovative and educational environment is examined. Scientific studies and concepts concerning the role of investment in human capital, the transformation of jobs as a result of the new technological revolution and the energy transition, as well as the need to increase funding for education and scientific research, are analyzed. Indicators for assessing expenditure efficiency are proposed, including absolute expenditures per capita, percentage share of GDP, and the ratio of expenditures on education to expenditures on scientific research and development. It is determined that the key factor is institutional capacity for the commercialization of scientific research. The main principles for improving state policy in supporting education and science should define guidelines for the modernization of educational programs and the implementation of new scientific research within the framework of the concept of environmental sustainability of sustainable development, with a focus on identifying innovative directions of economic growth. These principles include a roadmap for decarbonization and the stimulation of innovation and modernization. Recommendations are substantiated for increasing expenditures on education and science through mechanisms for directing budgetary resources toward priority research areas, stimulating private investment in clean energy and digital technologies, developing workforce retraining instruments, and strengthening international cooperation and financial support in order to reduce global inequality in access to advanced achievements in science and education.
Keywords: innovation, research and development, energy transition, climate change, technological revolution, digitalization, human capital.
https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2025-5-109-123
Keywords: innovation, research and development, energy transition, climate change, technological revolution, digitalization, human capital.
https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2025-5-109-123
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8. Arcos-Guanga, A., Flor-Unda, O., Novillo-Villegas, S., & Acosta-Vargas, P. (2024). The Impact of Knowledge Spillovers on Economic Growth from a National Perspective: A Comprehensive Analysis. Sustainability, 16(15), 6537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156537.
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13. World Bank Group. (n. d.). Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS.
14. World Bank Group. (n. d.). Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS.
15. World Bank Group. (n. d.). GDP per capita (current US$). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=PE.
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18. Liu, C., & Xia, G. (2018). Research on the Dynamic Interrelationship among R&D Investment, Technological Innovation, and Economic Growth in China. Sustainability, 10(11), 4260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114260.
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21. Fayyaz, A. & Bartha, Z. (2025). Research and development as a driver of innovation and economic growth; case of developing economies. Journal of Social and Economic Development. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-025-00438-9.