Sergiy Londar
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-288X
Lidia Londar
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-5664
Ivan Gaiduk
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1469
EDUCATIONAL FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF INNOVATIVE HUMAN CAPITAL IN UKRAINE
Full text (pdf)
Language: English
Abstract. The article analyzes the role of education as a key factor in the formation of innovative human capital. It is shown that the largest proportion of learners are covered by general secondary and higher education, and it is precisely within these levels that the main processes of human capital formation take place. The state of Ukrainian secondary and higher education is assessed in comparison with established global standards. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of secondary education (based on PISA results) and higher education (according to global rankings, in particular QS) in Ukraine is carried out in the context of global trends. Within the framework of PISA studies, it is revealed that Ukraine, taking into account the volume of financial resources cumulatively spent on general secondary education (from the beginning of schooling until reaching the age of 15), calculated at purchasing power parity, belongs to the group of countries that spend no more than USD 75,000 on the education of one 15-year-old student. In this group of 32 countries, Ukraine ranks 4th, which is a relatively good result. However, during 2018–2022, an overall downward trend in results was observed for each subject tested within the framework of PISA. This indicates the need to reconsider measures aimed at improving the quality of general secondary education, taking into account resource constraints under the conditions of martial law. The main challenges caused by the war are also highlighted, in particular, educational losses and a shortage of teaching staff. A set of measures to improve the situation in the field of general secondary education is proposed, including the development of the New Ukrainian School, STEM education, deepening the implementation of digital technologies, and the adaptation of inclusive approaches. It is noted that the situation with the formation of innovative human capital in the domestic higher education sector, as the final level in this process, is worse. The best Ukrainian universities occupy positions in the second half of the lists of all well-known global rankings, and the share of GDP spent by Ukraine on R&D research, to which the higher education sector is directly related, is the lowest among all neighbouring countries. This indicates the presence of a systemic problem that needs to be urgently addressed, given the existential challenges facing Ukraine. Based on the experience of other countries, a number of measures that may improve the situation are proposed.
Keywords: innovative human capital, educational efficiency, PISA, general secondary education, higher education, education funding, innovative development.
https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2025-5-15-27
Keywords: innovative human capital, educational efficiency, PISA, general secondary education, higher education, education funding, innovative development.
https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2025-5-15-27
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20. OECD. (2024). Education at a Glance 2024: OECD Indicators. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/c00cad36-en.
21. Our World in Date. (n. d.). Share of GDP spent on education vs. share of expenditure assigned to education, 2024. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-edu-spending-gdp-vs-share-edu-total-spending.
22. Boikivska, G., & Saladiak, K. (2022). The role of human capitalin ensuring effective development of enterprises. Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Series: Economic Sciences, 5(1), 131-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-310-5(1)-21 [in Ukrainian].
23. Our World in Data. (n. d.). Research and Development. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/research-and-development.
24. UNDP. (n. d.). Download data in the HDR tables format. Retrieved from https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads.